פרקי אבות

Pirkei Avot Chapter Two

Chapter of the Fathers 2

猶太智慧書【第二章】

1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.

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All Yisrael have a share in the world to come, as it is said: "Your people are all righteous; they shall inherit the land for ever; they are a shoot of My own planting a work of My own hands, that I may be glorified" -- Sanhedrin 90a -- Yeshayahu 60

 1   רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אֵיזוֹהִי דֶרֶךְ יְשָׁרָה שֶׁיָּבֹר לוֹ הָאָדָם, כֹּל שֶׁהִיא תִפְאֶרֶת לְעוֹשֶׂיהָ וְתִפְאֶרֶת לוֹ מִן הָאָדָם. וֶהֱוֵי זָהִיר בְּמִצְוָה קַלָּה כְבַחֲמוּרָה, שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ מַתַּן שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל מִצְוֹת. וֶהֱוֵי מְחַשֵּׁב הֶפְסֵד מִצְוָה כְּנֶגֶד שְׂכָרָהּ, וּשְׂכַר עֲבֵרָה כְנֶגֶד הֶפְסֵדָהּ. וְהִסְתַּכֵּל בִּשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים וְאִי אַתָּה בָא לִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, דַּע מַה לְּמַעְלָה מִמְּךָ, עַיִן רוֹאָה וְאֹזֶן שׁוֹמַעַת, וְכָל מַעֲשֶׂיךָ בַסֵּפֶר נִכְתָּבִין:

Rabbi omer, eizohi derech yesharah sheyavor lo ha'adam, kol shehi tif'eret le'oseiha vetif'eret lo min ha'adam. Vehevei zahir bemitzvah kalah chevachamurah, she'ein atah yodea matan secharan shel mitzvot. Vehevei mechashev hefsed mitzvah keneged secharah, usechar averah cheneged hefsedah. Vehistakel bishloshah Devarim ve'i atah va lidei averah, da mah lema'lah mimecha, ayin ro'ah ve'ozen shoma'at, vechol ma'aseicha vasefer nichtavin.

Rabbi [Yehuda haNasi] said: Which is the straight path that a person should choose for himself? Whichever [path] that is [itself] praiseworthy for the person adopting [it], And praiseworthy to him from [other] people. And be as careful with a light commandment as with a weighty one, for you do not know the reward given [for the fulfillment] of [the respective] commandments. Also, weigh the loss [that may be sustained through the fulfillment] of a commandment against the reward [that may be obtained] for [fulfilling] it. And [weigh] the gain [that may be obtained through the committing] of a transgression against the loss [that may be sustained] by [committing] it. Keep your eye on three things, and you will not come to sin: Know what is above you: An Eye that sees, and an Ear that hears, and all your deeds are written in a book.

經師說:“什麼是一個人當選擇的正道呢?就是能給選擇者以榮耀和他人之讚譽的道路。”“要謹守誡命,輕重如一,因為誡命的報償非你所知。”“務請權衡守誡所失與所得孰輕孰重,以及違誡所得與所失孰少孰多。”“當心三件事,你便不致犯罪:明白在你之上,有眼在,有耳在,你的一切為都記錄在案。”

2   רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא אוֹמֵר, יָפֶה תַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה עִם דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, שֶׁיְּגִיעַת שְׁנֵיהֶם מְשַׁכַּחַת עָוֹן. וְכָל תּוֹרָה שֶׁאֵין עִמָּהּ מְלָאכָה, סוֹפָהּ בְּטֵלָה וְגוֹרֶרֶת עָוֹן. וְכָל הָעֲמֵלִים עִם הַצִּבּוּר, יִהְיוּ עֲמֵלִים עִמָּהֶם לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁזְּכוּת אֲבוֹתָם מְסַיַּעְתָּן וְצִדְקָתָם עוֹמֶדֶת לָעַד. וְאַתֶּם, מַעֲלֶה אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם שָׂכָר הַרְבֵּה כְּאִלּוּ עֲשִׂיתֶם:

Raban Gamli'el Beno shel Rabbi Yehudah haNasi omer, yafeh Talmud Torah im derech eretz, sheyegi'at sheneihem meshakachat avon. Vechol Torah she'ein imah melachah, sofah betelah vegoreret avon. Vechol ha'amelim im hatzibur, yihyu amelim imahem leshem shamayim, shezechut avotam mesaya'tan vetzidkatam omedet la'ad. Ve'atem, ma'aleh ani aleichem sachar harbeh ke'ilu asitem.

Raban Gamli'el the son of Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi said: Excellent is the study of the Torah together with a worldly occupation; for the exertion [expended] in both of them causes sin to be forgotten. And all [study of the] Torah in the absence of a worldly occupation comes to nothing in the end and leads to sin. And all who work for the community, let them work for the [sake of the] name of Heaven; for the merit of their ancestors sustains them, And their righteousness (tsidkatam) will endure forever. And as for you [who work for the community, G-d says:] I credit you with a great reward, as if you [yourselves] had done it [on your own].

猶大·哈納西經師之子辣班加默里耳說:“最好既學習托辣,又勞作謀生。同時致力於這兩項將使人摒除惡念。而一切不伴以勞作的托辣學業都將荒廢並引發犯罪。”

  “一切為公眾服務者都應為上天之名而工作,因為你們祖先的業績在佑助你們,他們的公義永存。至於你們,我將賜予豐厚的報償,一如是你們自己完成了這一切。”

3   הֱווּ זְהִירִין בָּרָשׁוּת, שֶׁאֵין מְקָרְבִין לוֹ לָאָדָם אֶלָּא לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמָן. נִרְאִין כְּאוֹהֲבִין בִּשְׁעַת הֲנָאָתָן, וְאֵין עוֹמְדִין לוֹ לָאָדָם בִּשְׁעַת דָּחְקוֹ:

Hevu zehirin barashut, she'ein mekarevin lo la'adam ela letzorech atzman. Nir'in ke'ohavin bish'at hana'atan, ve'ein omedin lo la'adam bish'at dacheko.

Be careful about the government, as they approach a man only when they need him. They seem like good friends in good times, but they don't stay for him in time of his trouble.

要警惕當權者。除非為了私利,他們不會與人為友。愜其意時,他們似乎是朋友。而當人遭難之際,他們卻無影無蹤。

4   הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה רְצוֹנוֹ כִרְצוֹנְךָ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה רְצוֹנְךָ כִרְצוֹנוֹ. בַּטֵּל רְצוֹנְךָ מִפְּנֵי רְצוֹנוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל רְצוֹן אֲחֵרִים מִפְּנֵי רְצוֹנֶךָ. הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּפְרֹשׁ מִן הַצִּבּוּר, וְאַל תַּאֲמִין בְּעַצְמְךָ עַד יוֹם מוֹתְךָ, וְאַל תָּדִין אֶת חֲבֵרְךָ עַד שֶׁתַּגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, וְאַל תֹּאמַר דָּבָר שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִשְׁמֹעַ, שֶׁסּוֹפוֹ לְהִשָּׁמַע. וְאַל תֹּאמַר לִכְשֶׁאִפָּנֶה אֶשְׁנֶה, שֶׁמָּא לֹא תִפָּנֶה:

Hu hayah omer, aseh retzono chirtzonecha, kedei sheya'aseh retzonecha chirtzono. Batel retzonecha mipenei retzono, kedei sheyevatel retzon acherim mipenei retzonecha. Hillel omer, al tifrosh min hatzibur, ve'al ta'amin be'atzmecha ad yom motecha, ve'al tadin et chaverecha ad shetagia limkomo, ve'al tomar davar she'i efshar lishmoa', shessofo lehishama. Ve'al tomar lichshe'ipaneh eshneh, shema lo tipaneh.

He was accustomed to say: Make His [G-d's] will like your will, so that He will make your will like His will. Nullify your will to His will, so that He will nullify the will of others to your will. Hillel says: Do not separate yourself from the community. Do not believe in yourself until the day of your death. Do not judge your fellow until you come to his place. Do not say something that cannot be heard, for in the end it will be heard. Do not say, "When I will be available I will study [Torah]," lest you never become available.

他常說:以的意願為你的意願,為的是他將去實現你的意願,一如那是他的意願。為他的意願捨棄你的意願,為的是在你的意願面前,他將捨棄其他人的意願。希肋耳說:“不要脫離民眾。直到你死的那一天。都不要自以為是。不要臆斷你的朋友,除非你經歷過他的處境。”“不要講難以入耳的話,因為最終會有人聽見。不要說一有空我就讀書,或許你永遠不會有空。”

5   הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין בּוּר יְרֵא חֵטְא, וְלֹא עַם הָאָרֶץ חָסִיד, וְלֹא הַבַּיְשָׁן לָמֵד, וְלֹא הַקַּפְּדָן מְלַמֵּד, וְלֹא כָל הַמַּרְבֶּה בִסְחוֹרָה מַחְכִּים. וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין אֲנָשִׁים, הִשְׁתַּדֵּל לִהְיוֹת אִישׁ:

Hu hayah omer, ein bur yerei chet, velo am ha'aretz chasid, velo habayshan lamed, velo hakkapedan melamed, velo chol hamarbeh vischorah machkim. Uvemakom she'ein anashim, hishtadel lihyot ish.

He was accustomed to say: A boor cannot fear sin. An ignorant person cannot be pious. A person prone to being ashamed cannot learn. An impatient person cannot teach. Not all who engage in a lot of business become wise. In a place where there is no man, strive to be a man.

他常說:“愚盲不懼孽緣,無知者不能虔誠。恥於問者無以學,少耐心者無以教。沉湎經商。未必益智。在無人之處,要努力做人。”

6   אַף הוּא רָאָה גֻלְגֹּלֶת אַחַת שֶׁצָּפָה עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם. אָמַר לָהּ, עַל דַּאֲטֵפְתְּ, אַטְפוּךְ. וְסוֹף מְטִיפַיִךְ יְטוּפוּן:

Af hu ra'ah gulgolet achat shetzafah al penei hamayim. Amar lah, al da'atefet, atfuch. Vesof metifayich yetufun.

He also saw a skull that was floating on top of the water. He said (to it): "Since you drowned [others, others] drowned you. And in the end, those that drowned you will be drowned.

他曾見一頭顱浮於水面,便對它說:“因為你淹死過別人,所以他們淹死了你;而那些淹死你的人也終將被淹死。”

7   הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, מַרְבֶּה בָשָׂר, מַרְבֶּה רִמָּה. מַרְבֶּה נְכָסִים, מַרְבֶּה דְאָגָה. מַרְבֶּה נָשִׁים, מַרְבֶּה כְשָׁפִים. מַרְבֶּה שְׁפָחוֹת, מַרְבֶּה זִמָּה. מַרְבֶּה עֲבָדִים, מַרְבֶּה גָזֵל. מַרְבֶּה תוֹרָה, מַרְבֶּה חַיִּים. מַרְבֶּה יְשִׁיבָה, מַרְבֶּה חָכְמָה. מַרְבֶּה עֵצָה, מַרְבֶּה תְבוּנָה. מַרְבֶּה צְדָקָה, מַרְבֶּה שָׁלוֹם. קָנָה שֵׁם טוֹב, קָנָה לְעַצְמוֹ. קָנָה לוֹ דִבְרֵי תוֹרָה, קָנָה לוֹ חַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא:

Hu hayah omer, marbeh vasar, marbeh rimah. Marbeh nechasim, marbeh de'agah. Marbeh nashim, marbeh cheshafim. Marbeh shefachot, marbeh zimah. Marbeh avadim, marbeh gazel. Marbeh torah, marbeh chayim. Marbeh yeshivah, marbeh chochmah. Marbeh etzah, marbeh tevunah. Marbeh tzedakah, marbeh shalom. Kanah shem tov, kanah le'atzmo. Kanah lo divrei Torah, kanah lo chayei ha'olam haba.

He was accustomed to say: The more flesh, the more worms. The more possessions, the more worry. The more wives, the more witchcraft. The more maidservants, the more lewdness. The more man-servants, the more theft. The more Torah, the more life. The more sitting [and studying], the more wisdom. The more counsel, the more understanding. The more charity, the more peace. One who has acquired a good name has acquired for himself. One who has acquired words of Torah has acquired for himself the life of the World to Come.

他常說:“多食肉,多生蛆;多財富,多擔憂;多妻妾、多巫祟;多婢女,多淫亂;多奴僕、多偷盜。”“多讀經,多長壽;多鑽研,多智慧,多勸教,多通達;多施捨,多平安。”“獲得名譽者,名譽歸其所有;領悟托辣者,來世歸他所有。”

8   רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי קִבֵּל מֵהִלֵּל וּמִשַּׁמָּאי. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם לָמַדְתָּ תוֹרָה הַרְבֵּה, אַל תַּחֲזִיק טוֹבָה לְעַצְמְךָ, כִּי לְכָךְ נוֹצָרְתָּ. חֲמִשָּׁה תַלְמִידִים הָיוּ לוֹ לְרַבָּן

יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חֲנַנְיָה, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן נְתַנְאֵל, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ. הוּא הָיָה מוֹנֶה שִׁבְחָן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס, בּוֹר סוּד שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְאַבֵּד טִפָּה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חֲנַנְיָה, אַשְׁרֵי יוֹלַדְתּוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן, חָסִיד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן נְתַנְאֵל, יְרֵא חֵטְא. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ, מַעְיָן הַמִּתְגַּבֵּר. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יִהְיוּ כָל חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, וֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, מַכְרִיעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, אִם יִהְיוּ כָל חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס אַף עִמָּהֶם, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, מַכְרִיעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם:

Raban Yochanan Ben Zakai kibel meHillel umishama. Hu hayah omer, im lamadta Torah harbeh, al tachazik tovah le'atzmecha, ki lechach notzareta. Chamishah Talmidim hayu lo leraban

Yochanan Ben Zakai, ve'elu hen, Rabbi Eli'ezer Ben Horekenos, veRabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananyah, veRabbi Yosei haKohen, veRabbi Shim'on Ben Netan'el, veRabbi El'azar Ben Arach.

Hu hayah moneh shivchan. Rabbi eli'ezer ben horekenos, bor sud she'eino me'abbed tippah. Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananyah, ashrei yoladto. Rabbi Yosei haKohen, chasid. Rabbi Shim'on Ben Netan'el, yerei chet. VeRabbi El'azar Ben Arach, ma'yan hamitgaber. Hu hayah omer, im yihyu chol chachmei Yisra'el bechaf mozenayim, ve'Eli'ezer Ben Horekenos bechaf sheniyah, machria et kulam. Abba Sha'ul omer mishemo, im yihyu chol chachmei Yisra'el bechaf mozenayim veRabbi Eli'ezer Ben Horekenos af imahem, veRabbi El'azar Ben Arach bechaf sheniyah, machria et kulam.

Raban Yochanan Ben Zakai received [the tradition] from Hillel and Shamai. He used to say: If you have learned a lot of Torah, do not credit it favorably for yourself, because for this you were created.

辣班約哈南·本·匝凱受教於希肋耳和沙買。他常說:“就算你學了很多托辣,也不要歸功於己,因為你就是為此而被造。”

Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakai had five students:

Rabbi Eliezer Ben Horkenos, Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananyah, Rabbi Yosi the Priest, Rabbi Shimon Ben Netan'el, and Rabbi Elazar Ben Arach.

He would recount their praises: Rabbi Eliezer Ben Horkenos is a pit covered in plaster that does not lose a drop. Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Chananyah--happy is the one who gave birth to him! Rabbi Yosi the Priest is pious. Rabbi Shim'on Ben Netan'el fears sin. And Rabbi El'azar Ben Arach is an ever-strengthening fountain. He [Raban Yochanan Ben Zakai] used to say: If all the sages of Yisra'el were on one side of a balance scale, and Rabbi Eli'ezer ben Horkenos were on the other side, he [Rabbi Eli'ezer] would outweigh them all. Abba Sha'ul said in his name that if all the sages of Yisra'el, including Rabbi Eli'ezer ben Horkenos, were on one side of a balance scale, and Rabbi El'azar Ben Arach were on the other side, he [Rabbi El'azar] would outweigh them all.

辣班約哈南·本·匝凱有五個門徒。他們是:

厄裏厄則爾·本·曷爾克奴斯經師、耶曷叔阿·本·哈納尼雅經師、約瑟·哈科亨經師、西默盎·本·乃塔乃耳經師和厄拉匝爾·本·阿辣赫經師。

他常稱讚他們的美德說:“厄裏厄則爾·本·曷爾克奴斯經師——膠封的水槽,滴水不漏;耶曷叔阿·本·哈納尼雅經師——其母為其驕傲;約瑟·哈科亨經師——虔誠者;西默盎·本·乃塔乃耳經師——懼孽緣者;厄拉匝爾·本·阿辣赫經師——噴湧之泉。”他常說:“如果以色列所有的賢哲在天平的一端,厄裏厄則爾·本·曷爾克奴斯在另一端,他將重於他們全體。”阿巴·沙烏耳以他的名義說:“如果以色列所有的賢哲,包括厄裏厄則爾·本·曷爾克奴斯,在天平的一端,厄拉匝爾·本·阿辣赫在另一端,他也將重於他們全體。”沙烏耳,又譯為掃羅

9   אָמַר לָהֶם, צְאוּ וּרְאוּ אֵיזוֹהִי דֶרֶךְ יְשָׁרָה שֶׁיִּדְבַּק בָּהּ הָאָדָם.

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, עַיִן טוֹבָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, חָבֵר טוֹב. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שָׁכֵן טוֹב. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַנּוֹלָד. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, לֵב טוֹב. אָמַר לָהֶם, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דִּבְרֵי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ מִדִּבְרֵיכֶם, שֶׁבִּכְלָל דְּבָרָיו דִּבְרֵיכֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם צְאוּ וּרְאוּ אֵיזוֹהִי דֶרֶךְ רָעָה שֶׁיִּתְרַחֵק מִמֶּנָּה הָאָדָם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, עַיִן רָעָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, חָבֵר רָע. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שָׁכֵן רָע. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַלֹּוֶה וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם. אֶחָד הַלֹּוֶה מִן הָאָדָם, כְּלֹוֶה מִן הַמָּקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים לז) לֹוֶה רָשָׁע וְלֹא יְשַׁלֵּם, וְצַדִּיק חוֹנֵן וְנוֹתֵן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, לֵב רָע. אָמַר לָהֶם, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דִּבְרֵי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ מִדִּבְרֵיכֶם, שֶׁבִּכְלָל דְּבָרָיו דִּבְרֵיכֶם:

Amar lahem, tze'u ure'u eizohi derech yesharah sheyidbak bah ha'adam.

Rabbi Eli'ezer omer, ayin tovah. Rabbi Yehoshua omer, chaver tov. Rabbi Yosei omer, shachen tov. Rabbi Shim'on omer, haro'eh et hanolad. Rabbi El'azar omer, lev tov. Amar lahem, ro'eh ani et Divrei El'azar Ben arach miDivreichem, shebichlal devarav divreichem. Amar lahem tze'u ure'u eizohi derech ra'ah sheyitrachek mimenah ha'adam. Rabbi Eli'ezer omer, ayin ra'ah. Rabbi Yehoshua omer, chaver ra. Rabbi Yosei omer, shachen ra. Rabbi Shim'on omer, haloveh ve'eino meshalem. Echad haloveh min ha'adam, keloveh min hamakom baruch hu, shene'emar (Tehillim 37:21)  loveh rasha velo yeshalem, vetzadik chonen venoten. Rabbi El'azar omer, lev ra. Amar lahem, ro'eh ani et divrei El'azar Ben Arach midivreichem, shebichlal devarav divreichem.

He said to them: Go out and see what is a straight path that a person should cling to.

Rabbi Eliezer says: A good eye. Rabbi Yehoshua says: A good friend. Rabbi Yosi says: A good neighbour. Rabbi Shim'on says: Seeing the consequences of one's actions. Rabbi El'azar says: A good heart. He said to them: I see the words of Rabbi El'azar Ben Arach [as better than] all of yours, because your words are included in his. He said to them: Go out and see what is an evil path that a person should distance himself from. Rabbi Eli'ezer says: A bad eye. Rabbi Yehoshua says: A bad friend. Rabbi Yosi says: A bad neighbour. Rabbi Shim'on says: One who borrows but does not repay. Borrowing from a person is like borrowing from the Omnipresent blessed be He, as it says (Psalms 37:21) "The wicked borrow and do not repay, but the righteous one gives graciously." Rabbi Elazar says: A bad heart. He said to them: I see the words of Rabbi El'azar Ben Arach [as better than] all of yours, for your words are included in his.

他對他們說:“去看看什麼是一個人所應執著的高尚之路。”厄裏厄則爾經師說:“善目。”耶曷叔阿經師說:“益友。”約瑟經師說:“佳鄰。”西默盎經師說:“料事於先。”厄拉匝爾經師說:“良心。”他對他們說:“比起你們所有人的話。我更欣賞厄拉匝爾·本·阿辣赫的,他的話涵蓋了你們的話。”他對他們說:“去看看什麼是一個人所當規避的邪惡之途。”厄裏厄則爾經師說:“凶目。”耶曷叔阿經師說:“狗友。”約瑟經師說:“惡鄰。”西默盎經師說:“借債不還,因為向人借債一如向主借債。經上說:‘惡人借貸總不償還,義人卻常好施樂善。’”厄拉匝爾經師說:“黑心。”他對他們說:“比起你們所有人的話,我更欣賞厄拉匝爾·本·阿辣赫的,他的話涵蓋了你們的話。

10   הֵם אָמְרוּ שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יְהִי כְבוֹד חֲבֵרְךָ חָבִיב עָלֶיךָ כְּשֶׁלָּךְ, וְאַל תְּהִי נוֹחַ לִכְעֹס. וְשׁוּב יוֹם אֶחָד לִפְנֵי מִיתָתְךָ. וֶהֱוֵי מִתְחַמֵּם כְּנֶגֶד אוּרָן שֶׁל חֲכָמִים, וֶהֱוֵי זָהִיר בְּגַחַלְתָּן שֶׁלֹּא תִכָּוֶה, שֶׁנְּשִׁיכָתָן נְשִׁיכַת שׁוּעָל, וַעֲקִיצָתָן עֲקִיצַת עַקְרָב, וּלְחִישָׁתָן לְחִישַׁת שָׂרָף, וְכָל דִּבְרֵיהֶם כְּגַחֲלֵי אֵשׁ:

Hem ameru sheloshah Devarim. Rabbi Eli'ezer omer, yehi chevod chaverecha chaviv aleicha keshelach, ve'al tehi noach lich'os. Veshuv yom echad lifnei mitatecha. Vehevei mitchamem keneged uran shel chachamim, vehevei zahir begachaltan shelo tikaveh, sheneshichatan neshichat shu'al, va'akitzatan akitzat akrav, ulechishatan lechishat saraf, vechol divreihem kegachalei esh.

They said three things. Rabbi Eliezer says: The honor of your friend should be as dear to you as your own, and do not be easy to anger, and repent one day before your death. And warm yourself by the fire of the Sages, but be cautious around their coals that you should not be burned, for their bite is the bite of a fox, and their sting is the sting of a scorpion, and their hiss is the hiss of a Seraph, and all of their words are like burning coals.他們各說三事。厄裏厄則爾經師說:“珍視朋友的榮譽如你自己的榮譽,不要輕易發怒。臨死前你要懺悔。”“要向眾賢哲的火光取暖,但要當心其燃燒的火塊,免得灼傷。因為他們的撕咬是狐狸的撕咬,他們的螫刺是的螫刺,他們的嘶鳴是的嘶鳴,他們的一切言語好像熾烈的火炭。”

11   רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, עַיִן הָרָע, וְיֵצֶר הָרָע, וְשִׂנְאַת הַבְּרִיּוֹת, מוֹצִיאִין אֶת הָאָדָם מִן הָעוֹלָם:

Rabbi Yehoshua omer, ayin hara', veyetzer hara', vesin'at haberiyot, motzi'in et ha'adam min ha'olam.

Rabbi Yehoshua says: The evil eye, the evil inclination, and hatred of the creations remove a person from the world.

耶曷叔阿經師說:“凶目邪念和憎恨同胞將棄人於世界之外。”

12   רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, יְהִי מָמוֹן חֲבֵרְךָ חָבִיב עָלֶיךָ כְּשֶׁלָּךְ, וְהַתְקֵן עַצְמְךָ לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְרֻשָּׁה לָךְ. וְכָל מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יִהְיוּ לְשֵׁם שָׁמָיִם:

Rabbi Yosei omer, yehi mamon chaverecha chaviv aleicha keshelach, vehatken atzmecha lilmod Torah, she'einah yerushah lach. Vechol ma'aseicha yihyu leshem shamayim.
Rabbi Yos
ei says: The money of your friend should be as dear to you as your own. Prepare yourself to study Torah, for it is not an inheritance for you. All of your actions should be for the sake of Heaven.

約瑟經師說:“珍惜朋友的財富如自己的財富,要置身於托辣學業之中,因它不能自動留傳於你。讓你的一切行為都是為了上天之名。” 

13   רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי זָהִיר בִּקְרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּבַתְּפִלָּה. וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה מִתְפַּלֵּל, אַל תַּעַשׂ תְּפִלָּתְךָ קֶבַע, אֶלָּא רַחֲמִים וְתַחֲנוּנִים לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יואל ב) כִּי חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם הוּא אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב חֶסֶד וְנִחָם עַל הָרָעָה. וְאַל תְּהִי רָשָׁע בִּפְנֵי עַצְמְךָ:

Rabbi Shim'on omer, hevei zahir bikri'at shema uvatefilah. Ucheshe'atah mitpalel, al ta'as tefilatecha keva', ela rachamim vetachanunim lifnei hamakom baruch hu, shene'emar (Yoel 2:13) ki chanun verachum hu erech apayim verav chesed venicham al hara'ah. Ve'al tehi rasha bifnei atzmecha.

Rabbi Shim'on says: Be careful in the reciting of Shema (and praying). When you pray, do not make your prayer fixed, rather prayers for mercy and supplication before the Omnipresent, blessed be He, as it says (Yoel 2, 13), "For He is gracious and merciful, long-suffering and full of kindness, and repents of the evil." And do not be wicked in your own eyes.

 西默盎經師說:“誦讀‘舍瑪’與祈禱要一絲不苟。祈禱時,不要使其成為例行公事,而是在主面前祈求恩惠。經上說:‘因為他寬仁慈悲,遲於發怒,富於慈愛,常懊悔降災。’你不要自暴自棄。

14   רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי שָׁקוּד לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה, וְדַע מַה שֶּׁתָּשִׁיב לְאֶפִּיקוֹרוֹס. וְדַע לִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָמֵל. וְנֶאֱמָן הוּא בַעַל מְלַאכְתְּךָ שֶׁיְּשַׁלֶּם לָךְ שְׂכַר פְּעֻלָּתֶךְ:

Rabbi El'azar omer, hevei shakud lilmod Torah, veda mah shetashiv le'epikoros. Veda lifnei mi atah amel. Vene'eman hu va'al melachtecha sheyeshalem lach sechar pe'ulatech.

Rabbi El'azar says: Be diligent in learning Torah, and know what to respond to one who denigrates the Torah. Know before Whom you labor--the Master of your work is trustworthy to pay you the wage for your activity.

厄拉匝爾經師說:“要勤勉於托辣學業,懂得如何應對外人。要清楚你在誰面前勞作,誰是你的雇主,誰向你的辛苦支付報償。”

15   רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַיּוֹם קָצָר וְהַמְּלָאכָה מְרֻבָּה, וְהַפּוֹעֲלִים עֲצֵלִים, וְהַשָּׂכָר הַרְבֵּה, וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת דּוֹחֵק:

Rabbi Tarfon omer, hayom katzar vehamelachah merubah, vehapo'alim atzelim, vehasachar harbeh, uva'al habayit dochek.

Rabbi Tarfon said: The day is short and the work is much, and the workers are lazy and the reward is great, and the Master of the house is pressing.

塔爾豐經師說:“歲月短促,勞作浩繁,工人不免懶惰,報酬依然豐厚,主人在督促。”

16   הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא עָלֶיךָ הַמְּלָאכָה לִגְמֹר, וְלֹא אַתָּה בֶן חוֹרִין לִבָּטֵל מִמֶּנָּה. אִם לָמַדְתָּ תוֹרָה הַרְבֵּה, נוֹתְנִים לְךָ שָׂכָר הַרְבֵּה. וְנֶאֱמָן הוּא בַעַל מְלַאכְתְּךָ שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם לְךָ שְׂכַר פְּעֻלָּתֶךָ. וְדַע מַתַּן שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא:

Hu hayah omer, lo aleicha hamelachah ligmor, velo atah ven chorin libatel mimenah. Im lamadta Torah harbeh, notenim lecha sachar harbeh. Vene'eman hu va'al melachtecha sheyeshalem lecha sechar pe'ulatecha. Veda matan secharan shel tzadikim le'atid lavo.

He used to say: It is not your responsibility to finish the work, but neither are you free to desist from it. If you have learned much Torah, your reward will be much; and the Master of your work is trustworthy to pay you the wage for your activity. And know, the giving of reward to the righteous is in the future to come.

他常說:“你不是非完成這項工作不可,但你也沒有停工的自由。多學托辣,多得報酬,你的雇主必定會支付你勞作的報酬。要懂得義人在來世中將獲得其應得的獎賞

 


1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.

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Journal commentary

Pirkei Avot: Respect the other person's rights

  • "What is the right path a man should choose? Whatever is honorable to himself, and honorable in the eyes of others." (2:1)
  • "Let your friend's honor be more dear to you than your own." (2:15)
  • "The evil eye, the evil inclination, and hatred of men, drive a person out of the world." (2:16)
  • "Let your friend's money be more dear to you than your own." (2:17)
  • What is the right path a man should choose? Whatever is honorable to himself, and honorable in the eyes of others." (2:1)

  • "In a place where there are no worthy men, strive to be worthy." (2:5)
  • "He who acquires a good name, has acquired himself something indeed." (2:8)
  • "Do not regard yourself as an evil person." (2:18)
  • Pirkei Avot: Respect HaShem

  • "Do His will as if it were your own, so that He will do His will as if it were yours. Nullify your own will before His so that He will nullify the will of others before you." (2:4)
  • Chinese Translation Large Print Credited to:

    本文主要根據以下資料編譯而成:

    阿伯特:猶太智慧書,阿丁·施坦澤茲詮釋,張平譯,中國社會科學出版社,北京;

    Vedibarta Bam Pirkei Avot, by Rabbi Moshe Bogomilsky, Sichos In English, New York;

    聖經,思高聖經學會譯釋出版,香港。