Pirkei Avot Chapter Three

פרקי אבות

猶太智慧書【第三章】

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

1 עֲקַבְיָא בֶן מַהֲלַלְאֵל אוֹמֵר, הִסְתַּכֵּל בִּשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים וְאִי אַתָּה בָא לִידֵי עֲבֵרָה. דַּע מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן. מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, מִטִּפָּה סְרוּחָה, וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, לִמְקוֹם עָפָר רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה. וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן, לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא:

Akavya ven mahalal'el omer, histakel bishloshah Devarim ve'i atah va lidei averah. Da me'ayin bata, ule'an atah holech, velifnei mi atah atid litten din vecheshbon. Me'ayin bata, mitippah seruchah, ule'an atah holech, limkom afar rimah vetole'ah. Velifnei mi atah atid liten din vecheshbon, lifnei melech malchei hamelachim hakadosh Baruch Hu.

Akavia ben Mahalalel says: Keep your eye on three things, and you will not come to sin: Know from where you came, and to where you are going, and before Whom you are destined to give an account and a reckoning. From where did you come? From a putrid drop. And to where are you going? To a place of dust, worms, and maggots. And before Whom are you destined to give an account and a reckoning? Before the King of kings, the Set Apart ONE, Blessed be HE.

阿卡烏雅·本·瑪哈拉肋耳說：“當心三件事，你便不致犯罪：要明白你從哪里來，往哪里去，最終你將在誰面前呈文報賬。“‘你從哪里來？’從腥臭的一滴；‘往哪里去？’往塵灰和蛆蟲之地；‘在誰面前呈文報賬？’在萬王之王、神聖的受稱頌的主面前。”

2 רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי מִתְפַּלֵּל בִּשְׁלוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מַלְכוּת, שֶׁאִלְמָלֵא מוֹרָאָהּ, אִישׁ אֶת רֵעֵהוּ חַיִּים בְּלָעוֹ. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן תְּרַדְיוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁנַיִם שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין וְאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, הֲרֵי זֶה מוֹשַׁב לֵצִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים א) וּבְמוֹשַׁב לֵצִים לֹא יָשָׁב. אֲבָל שְׁנַיִם שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין וְיֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, שְׁכִינָה שְׁרוּיָה בֵינֵיהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג) אָז נִדְבְּרוּ יִרְאֵי יְיָ אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ וַיַּקְשֵׁב יְיָ וַיִּשְׁמָע וַיִּכָּתֵב סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן לְפָנָיו לְיִרְאֵי יְיָ וּלְחֹשְׁבֵי שְׁמוֹ. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא שְׁנַיִם, מִנַּיִן שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד שֶׁיּוֹשֵׁב וְעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קוֹבֵעַ לוֹ שָׂכָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איכה ג) יֵשֵׁב בָּדָד וְיִדֹּם כִּי נָטַל עָלָיו:

Rabbi Chanina segan haKohanim omer, hevei mitpalel bishlomah shel malchut, she'ilmalei mora'ah, ish et re'ehu chayim bela'o. Rabbi Chanina ven Teradyon omer, shenayim sheyoshevin ve'ein beineihen Divrei Torah, harei zeh moshav letzim, shenne'emar (Tehillim 1:1 ) uvemoshav letzim lo yashav. Aval shenayim sheyoshevin veyesh beineihem Divrei Torah, shechinah sheruyah veineihem, shene'emar (Malachi 3:16) az nidberu yir'ei Adonai ish el re'ehu vayakshev Adonai vayishma vayikatev sefer zikaron lefanav leyir'ei Adonai ulechoshevei shemo. Ein li ela shenayim, minayin she'afilu echad sheyoshev ve'osek baTorah, shehakadosh Baruch Hu kovea lo sachar, shene'emar (Eikhah 3:28) yeshev badad veyidom ki natal alav.

Rabbi Chanina, the Deputy High Priest, says: Pray for the welfare of the government, for were it not for the fear of it, man would swallow his fellow alive. Rabbi Chananya Ben Teradyon says: Two who are sitting together and there are no words of Torah [spoken] between them, this is a session of scorners, as it is said (Tehillim 1:1): “[Happy is the man who has]... not sat in the session of the scorners.” But two who are sitting together and there are words of Torah [spoken] between them, the Divine Presence rests with them, as it is said (Malachi 3:16): “Then those who feared the Master spoke one with another, and the Master listened and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him, for those who feared the Master and for those who thought upon His Name.” I have no [Scriptural support for this] except [in a case of] two. From where [is there proof that] that even [when there is only] one [person studying Torah], the Set Apart ONE, Blessed be He, determines a reward for him? As it is said (Eikhah 3:28): “He sits alone and is silent, since he takes [a reward] for it.”

副司祭哈尼納經師說：“為朝廷的安寧祈禱吧。要不是畏懼朝廷，人就會活活吞噬同類。”哈尼納·本·特辣狄雍經師說：“二人同坐而不言托辣，便是不敬的一夥，經上說：‘不參與譏諷者的席位。’但如果二人同坐而言談托辣，聖光便照耀他們，經上說：‘敬畏上主的人彼此談論，上主都加以注意而聽見了，並且在他面前的紀錄簿上，為那些敬畏上主和投靠他名號的人予以記錄了。’”“以上所言僅指二人，那又從何而知，即使一人獨坐而研習托辣，神聖的受稱頌的主也為他分配報酬呢？經上說：‘默然獨坐，因為是上主加於他的軛。’”

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

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本文主要根據以下資料編譯而成：

阿伯特：猶太智慧書，阿丁·施坦澤茲詮釋，張平譯，中國社會科學出版社，北京；

Vedibarta Bam Pirkei Avot, by Rabbi Moshe Bogomilsky, Sichos In English, New York;

聖經，思高聖經學會譯釋出版，香港。