פרקי אבות

Pirkei Avot Chapter Four

Chapter of the Fathers 4

猶太智慧書【第四章】

1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.

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1   בֶּן זוֹמָא אוֹמֵר, אֵיזֶהוּ חָכָם, הַלּוֹמֵד מִכָּל אָדָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קיט) מִכָּל מְלַמְּדַי הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי כִּי עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ שִׂיחָה לִּי. אֵיזֶהוּ גִבּוֹר, הַכּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי טז) טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם מִגִּבּוֹר וּמשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ מִלֹּכֵד עִיר. אֵיזֶהוּ עָשִׁיר, הַשָּׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קכח) יְגִיעַ כַּפֶּיךָ כִּי תֹאכֵל אַשְׁרֶיךָ וְטוֹב לָךְ. אַשְׁרֶיךָ, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. וְטוֹב לָךְ, לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. אֵיזֶהוּ מְכֻבָּד, הַמְכַבֵּד אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א ב) כִּי מְכַבְּדַי אֲכַבֵּד וּבֹזַי יֵקָלּוּ:

Ben Zoma omer:

eizehu chacham, halomed mikol adam, shene'emar (Tehillim 119:99) mikol melamedai hiskalti ki edevoteicha sichah li.

Eizehu gibor, hakovesh et yitzro, shene'emar (Mishlei 16:32) tov erech apayim migiborumoshel berucho miloched ir.

Eizehu ashir, hasameach bechelko, shene'emar (Tehillim 128:2) yegia kapeicha ki tochel ashreicha vetov lach. Ashreicha, ba'olam hazeh. Vetov lach, la'olam haba.

Eizehu mechubad, hamchabed et haberiyot, shene'emar (shmvl v) ki mechabedai achabed uvozai yekalu.

Ben Zoma says:

Who is the wise one? He who learns from all men, as it says, "I have acquired understanding from all my teachers" (Psalms 119:99).

Who is the mighty one? He who conquers his impulse, as it says, "slowness to anger is better than a mighty person and the ruler of his spirit than the conqueror of a city." (Proverbs 16:32).

Who is the rich one? He who is happy with his lot, as it says, "When you eat [from] the work of your hands, you will be happy, and it will be well with you" (Psalms 128:2). "You will be happy" in this world, and "it will be well with you" in the world to come.

Who is honoured? He who honors the created beings, as it says, "For those who honor Me, I will honor; and those who despise Me will be held in little esteem" (I Samuel 2:30).

本·祚瑪說

“誰是智者?向所有人學習的人,經上說:‘我比我所有的教師更聰明,因為我常在默想你的法令。’”

“誰是強者?能自製的人,經上說:‘有涵養的人,勝於勇士;克服自己的人,勝於克城的人。’”

“誰是富足者?樂其本份的人,經上說:‘你能吃你雙手賺來的食物,你便實在幸運,也萬事有福。’‘幸運’於今生,‘有福’於來世。”

“誰是尊者?尊重他人的人,經上說:‘只有那光榮我的,我才光榮他;那輕視我的,必受輕視。’”

2   בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי רָץ לְמִצְוָה קַלָּה כְבַחֲמוּרָה, וּבוֹרֵחַ מִן הָעֲבֵרָה. שֶׁמִּצְוָה גּוֹרֶרֶת מִצְוָה, וַעֲבֵרָה גוֹרֶרֶת עֲבֵרָה. שֶׁשְּׂכַר מִצְוָה, מִצְוָה. וּשְׂכַר עֲבֵרָה, עֲבֵרָה:

Ben Aza omer:

Hevei ratz lemitzvah kalah chevachamurah, uvoreach min ha'averah. Shemitzvah goreret mitzvah, va'averah goreret averah. Shesechar mitzvah, mitzvah. Usechar averah, averah.

Ben Azai says:

Run to do an easy commandment as to a difficult one, and flee from sin; since a commandment leads to another commandment, and a sin leads to another sin; since the reward for a commandment is another commandment, and the reward for a sin is another sin.

 本·阿宰說:

“去遵行一個小的誡命,要躲避罪過;因為誡命帶來誡命,罪過導致罪過;誡命的獎賞是誡命,罪過的報應是罪過。

3   הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אַל תְּהִי בָז לְכָל אָדָם, וְאַל תְּהִי מַפְלִיג לְכָל דָּבָר, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ אָדָם שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שָׁעָה וְאֵין לְךָ דָבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מָקוֹם:

Hu hayah omer, al tehi vaz lechol adam, ve'al tehi maflig lechol davar, she'ein lecha adam she'ein lo sha'ah ve'ein lecha davar she'ein lo makom.

He would say: Do not disparage anyone, and do not shun any thing. For you have no man who does not have his hour, and you have no thing that does not have its place.

他說:“不要鄙視任何人,也不要藐視任何物;因為沒有終不逢時之人,也沒有百無一用之物。”

4   רַבִּי לְוִיטָס אִישׁ יַבְנֶה אוֹמֵר, מְאֹד מְאֹד הֱוֵי שְׁפַל רוּחַ, שֶׁתִּקְוַת אֱנוֹשׁ רִמָּה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמְחַלֵּל שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם בַּסֵּתֶר, נִפְרָעִין מִמֶּנּוּ בְגָלוּי. אֶחָד שׁוֹגֵג וְאֶחָד מֵזִיד בְּחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם:

Rabi Levitas ish Yavneh omer:

Me'od me'od hevei shefal Ruach, shetikvat enosh rimah.

Rabi Yochanan Ben Beroka omer:

Kol hamchalel shem shamayim baseter, nifra'in mimenu vegalui. Echad shogeg ve'echad mezid bechilul HaShem.

Rabi Levitas, a man of Yavneh, says:

Be very, very humble in spirit, for the hope of man is worms.

Rabi Yochanan Ben Beroka says:

Anyone who desecrates the Name of Heaven secretly, they punish him publicly. There is no differentiation between unintentional and intentional when it comes to desecration of the Name.

雅烏內人肋維塔斯經師說:

“你要非常謙和,因為人的前景不過是蛆蟲而已。

約哈南··貝洛卡經師說:

“一切褻瀆上天之名於暗處者,必將當眾受罰,無論其對聖名的褻瀆是源自無心還是出於有意。

5   רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ אוֹמֵר, הַלּוֹמֵד תּוֹרָה עַל מְנָת לְלַמֵּד, מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לִלְמֹד וּלְלַמֵּד. וְהַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לַעֲשׂוֹת, מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לִלְמֹד וּלְלַמֵּד לִשְׁמֹר וְלַעֲשׂוֹת. רַבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַל תַּעֲשֵׂם עֲטָרָה לְהִתְגַּדֵּל בָּהֶם, וְלֹא קַרְדֹּם לַחְפֹּר בָּהֶם. וְכָךְ הָיָה הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, וּדְאִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּתָגָא, חָלָף. הָא לָמַדְתָּ, כָּל הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, נוֹטֵל חַיָּיו מִן הָעוֹלָם:

Rabi Yishma'el beno omer:

Halomed Torah al menat lelamed, maspikin beyado lilmod ulelamed. Vehalomed al menat la'asot, maspikin beyado lilmod ulelamed lishmor vela'asot.

Rabi Tzadok omer:

Al ta'asem atarah lehitgadel bahem, velo kardom lachpor bahem.

Vechach hayah Hilel omer:

Ude'ishtamesh betaga, chalaf. Ha lamadta, kol haneheneh middivrei Torah, notel chayav min ha'olam.

Rabi Yishmael his son says:

One who studies Torah in order to teach will be given the opportunity both to study and to teach. One who studies in order to practice will be given the opportunity to study, to teach, to observe, and to practice.

Rabi Tzadok says:

Do not make it [the Torah] into a crown with which to aggrandize yourself, and not into a spade with which to dig into them.

And thus Hilel used to say:

And one who makes use of the crown [of learning] passes away. From here you learn that any one who benefits from the words of the Torah removes his life from the world.

約瑟經師之子依市瑪耳經師說:“為教而學者,必能得亦學亦教;為行而學者,必能得亦學亦教亦遵行。”

匝多克經師說:“不要脫離民眾,不要充當辯護人。不要用托辣冠冕沽名釣譽。”

希肋耳也常這樣說:“凡盜用托辣冠冕者必被滅絕。”由此你應清楚明白:凡以托辣文句謀取私利者,都是在自危其命。

6   רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמְכַבֵּד אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, גּוּפוֹ מְכֻבָּד עַל הַבְּרִיּוֹת. וְכָל הַמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, גּוּפוֹ מְחֻלָּל עַל הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

Rabi Yosei omer:

Kol hamchabed et haTorah, gufo mechubad al haberiyot.

Vechol hamchalel et haTorah, gufo mechulal al haberiyot.

Rabi Yosei says:

Anyone who honors the Torah - his body will be honored by the created beings.

Anyone who desecrates the Torah - his body will be desecrated by the created beings.

約瑟經師說:

“凡尊敬托辣者亦受人尊敬,

凡羞辱托辣者亦受人羞辱。”

7   רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ אוֹמֵר, הַחוֹשֵׂךְ עַצְמוֹ מִן הַדִּין, פּוֹרֵק מִמֶּנּוּ אֵיבָה וְגָזֵל וּשְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא. וְהַגַּס לִבּוֹ בַהוֹרָאָה, שׁוֹטֶה רָשָׁע וְגַס רוּחַ:

Rabi Yishma'el beno omer:

Hachosech atzmo min hadin, porek mimenu eivah vegazel ushevu'at shav. Vehagas libo vahora'ah, shoteh rasha vegas ruach.

Rabi Yishma'el, his son, says:

One who withholds himself from judging - removes from himself enmity, theft, and the false oath.

One who is nonchalant about giving legal decisions is an imbecile, wicked, and arrogant in spirit.

其子依市瑪耳經師說:

“避免斷案者亦使自己免於仇恨、盜竊和偽證;

以判決攫取權勢者,乃愚蠢、惡劣、狂妄之徒。

8   הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אַל תְּהִי דָן יְחִידִי, שֶׁאֵין דָּן יְחִידִי אֶלָּא אֶחָד. וְאַל תֹּאמַר קַבְּלוּ דַעְתִּי, שֶׁהֵן רַשָּׁאִין וְלֹא אָתָּה:

Hu hayah omer:

Al tehi dan yechidi, she'ein dan yechidi ela echad.

Ve'al tomar kabelu da'ti, shehen rasha'in velo atah.

He would say: Do not judge alone, for there is no lone judge aside from One [G_d]. And do not say,"Accept my opinion," for they are permitted and not you.

他常說:

“不要獨自審判,因為除了那惟一者以外無人能獨自審判;

不要說‘接受我的看法,’因為有權這樣說的是他們,而不是你。”

9   רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמְקַיֵּם אֶת הַתּוֹרָה מֵעֹנִי, סוֹפוֹ לְקַיְּמָהּ מֵעשֶׁר. וְכָל הַמְבַטֵּל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה מֵעשֶׁר, סוֹפוֹ לְבַטְּלָהּ מֵעֹנִי:

Rabi Yonatan omer:

Kol hamkayem et haTorah me'oni, sofo lekayemah me'osher.

Vechol hamvatel et haTorah me'osher, sofo levatelah me'oni.

Rabi Yonatan says:

Anyone who implements the Torah in poverty, his end will be to implement it in wealth.

And anyone that disregards the Torah in wealth, will in the end disregard it in poverty.

約納堂經師說:“凡信守托辣於貧困者必信守托辣於富足,凡無視托辣於富足者必無視托辣於貧困。”

約納堂,又譯為約拿單

10   רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי מְמַעֵט בְּעֵסֶק, וַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה. וֶהֱוֵי שְׁפַל רוּחַ בִּפְנֵי כָל אָדָם. וְאִם בָּטַלְתָּ מִן הַתּוֹרָה, יֶשׁ לְךָ בְטֵלִים הַרְבֵּה כְנֶגְדָּךְ. וְאִם עָמַלְתָּ בַתּוֹרָה, יֶשׁ לוֹ שָׂכָר הַרְבֵּה לִתֶּן לָךְ:

Rabi Me'ir omer:

Hevei mema'et be'esek, va'asok baTorah.

Vehevei shefal ruach bifnei chol adam.

Ve'im batalta min haTorah, yesh lecha vetelim harbeh chenegdach.

Ve'im amalta vaTorah, yesh lo sachar harbeh liten lach.

Rabi Meir says:

Minimize business and engage in Torah.

Be humble of spirit before everyone.

If you neglect the Torah, many reasons for neglecting it will be presented to you.

And if you labor in Torah, [He (G-d)] has abundant reward to grant you.

默依爾經師說:

“要削減俗務,專注於托辣。在每個人面前都要謙卑。”

“如果你無視托辣,你會有許多的藉口;

但如果你在托辣中辛勤耕耘,必將獲得豐收。

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Chinese Translation Large Print Credited to:

本文主要根據以下資料編譯而成:

阿伯特:猶太智慧書,阿丁·施坦澤茲詮釋,張平譯,中國社會科學出版社,北京;

Vedibarta Bam Pirkei Avot, by Rabbi Moshe Bogomilsky, Sichos In English, New York;

聖經,思高聖經學會譯釋出版,香港。